Endocrine disrupting potential of replacement flame retardants – Review of current knowledge for nuclear receptors associated with reproductive outcomes

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitute a major public health concern because they can induce large spectrum of adverse effects by interfering with the hormonal system. Rapid identification potential EDCs using in vitro screenings is therefore critical, particularly for emerging concerns such as replacement flame retardants (FRs). The review aimed at identifying (1) data gaps and research needs regarding endocrine (ED) properties FRs (2) among these chemicals. A systematic search was performed from open literature ToxCast/Tox21 programs, results tests on activities 52 towards five hormone nuclear receptors (NRs) associated reproductive outcomes (estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, aryl hydrocarbon receptors) were compiled organized into tables. Findings complemented information structure-based silico model predictions vivo when relevant. For majority FRs, experimental NRs either incomplete (15 FRs) or not found (24 FRs). Within which effect found, some appeared candidate EDCs, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) tris(1,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). also revealed shared ED profiles. example, anti-androgenic activity reported 19 predicted another 21 FRs. This comprehensive points to critical knowledge many including general population likely exposed. Although this does cover all possible characteristics ED, it allowed outcomes, calling deeper evaluation possibly future regulation By profiles, work raises mixture since co-exposed several other